It has been argued that some college students fail to achieve what Piaget called ?formal operations.? Given what you know about Piaget?s Stages of Development, is it possible for a college student to have not achieved formal operations? Why or why

Piaget's fourth and final stage of development is not an inevitability in human development but must be acquired through training (and some might add acceptance of its attributes). That many of today's students are uninterested in or actively hostile to learning is not a surprise to anyone who spent any time in a classroom. Yet U.S. high school graduates attending college was 63% in 2008, up from 56% in 2000 and 54% in 1992 (source: NCHEMS Info Center), so the trend is for more and more students to attend. Estimates of college readiness among high school graduates, however, range from 21% to 34% (depending on the source), meaning that perhaps half the students in college aren't fully prepared to be there. Accordingly, colleges everywhere have found remediation is now necessary because so many students arrive without yet having achieved the academic skills required to participate creditably, much less successfully.

What's lacking? Well, among other things, formal operations.