Why was the braille system invented?

To offer a chance for blind people to read and write.

The idea of Braille began with the military in Napoleon's time, so that officers could send messages to troops that would be encoded, and able to be read in the dark. It began as a 12-dot system, but it was Louis Braille who saw that too many dots for one letter meant moving the finger within the letter area, and subsequently losing location and context. He shortened it to six. His letters were patterned after French usage, so some combinations are not in an order that people of other languages find easy.
there are about 63 combinations of letters with the system currently in use.

Braille was invented to give blind or blind and deaf people a way to read material. Think about how many things you would miss out of if you lost the ability to see. Just like sign language was invented to help deaf people have a way of communicating without the use of sound.

Because blindness makes it impossible for one to see characters or letters drawn onto paper, Braille was invented to make them something a person could feel with the fingers. Using raised dots arranged into exact patterns for each letter, text could be punched into thicker sheets of paper that could then be "read" by the fingers of a blind person.

Louis Braille is credited with inventing the system we hear most about today. He lost his sight as a child, and worked out his lettering system as a teenager. He later published "The Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Song by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged by Them" in 1829.